Stem Cells, Vol 11, 474-486, Copyright © 1993 by AlphaMed Press

REVIEWS

Interleukin 11: an overview

YC Yang
Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202.

Interleukin (IL)-11 is a bone marrow fibroblast derived cytokine with a wide spectrum of in vitro biological activities in the hematopoietic, lymphopoietic, hepatic, adipose, neuronal and osteoclast systems, either alone or in synergy with other hematopoietic growth factors. In vivo administration of IL-11 in mice, rats and nonhuman primates has demonstrated the thrombopoietic effects of this cytokine. The expression of the human IL-11 gene, which is localized at 19q13.3-13.4, can be controlled at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Initial biochemical characterization has identified a 151 kD protein as the potential IL-11 binding subunit of the receptor complex. Like other cytokines such as IL-6, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), oncostatin M (ONC) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), IL-11 has been shown to utilize IL-6 signal transducer, gp130. Because of the overlapping biological activities, the similarities in the predicted tertiary structures, and the sharing of common signal transducer protein, we have compared the signal transduction pathways mediated by these cytokines in various cell types. Studies of protein tyrosine phosphorylation, primary response gene expression and signaling molecules known to be important in transducing mitogenic signals have suggested that there are convergent and divergent points along the signal transduction pathways utilized by IL-11, IL-6, LIF and ONC. These observations may explain the biological pleiotropy and redundancy of this group of cytokines.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S. Zvonic, J. E. Baugh Jr., P. Arbour-Reily, R. L. Mynatt, and J. M. Stephens Cross-talk among gp130 Cytokines in Adipocytes J. Biol. Chem., October 7, 2005; 280(40): 33856 - 33863. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. C. Sheridan, C. A. Dinarello, D. R. Meldrum, D. A. Fullerton, C. H. Selzman, and R. C. McIntyre Jr. Interleukin-11 attenuates pulmonary inflammation and vasomotor dysfunction in endotoxin-induced lung injury Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, November 1, 1999; 277(5): L861 - L867. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				X. Wang and S. W. Halvorsen Reciprocal Regulation of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Receptors and Acetylcholine Receptors during Synaptogenesis in Embryonic Chick Atria J. Neurosci., September 15, 1998; 18(18): 7372 - 7380. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Wishingrad, S. Koshlukova, and S. W. Halvorsen Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Stimulates the Phosphorylation of Two Forms of STAT3 in Chick Ciliary Ganglion Neurons J. Biol. Chem., August 8, 1997; 272(32): 19752 - 19757. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Neddermann, R. Graziani, G. Ciliberto, and G. Paonessa Functional Expression of Soluble Human Interleukin-11 (IL-11) Receptor alpha and Stoichiometry of in Vitro IL-11 Receptor Complexes with gp130 J. Biol. Chem., November 29, 1996; 271(48): 30986 - 30991. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				X.-Y. Wang, D. K. Fuhrer, M. S. Marshall, and Y.-C. Yang Interleukin-11 Induces Complex Formation of Grb2, Fyn, and JAK2 in 3T3L1 Cells J. Biol. Chem., November 24, 1995; 270(47): 27999 - 28002. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. K. Fuhrer, G.-S. Feng, and Y.-C. Yang Syp Associates with gp130 and Janus Kinase 2 in Response to Interleukin-11 in 3T3-L1 Mouse Preadipocytes J. Biol. Chem., October 20, 1995; 270(42): 24826 - 24830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]