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a Center for Molecular Medicine;
b Division of Hematology, and
c Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine;
d Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery; and
e Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical School, Minamikawachi, Tochigi;
f Tsukuba Primate Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tsukuba, Ibaraki;
g Department of Organ Regeneration, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
Key Words. Nonhuman primate • Acute myocardial infarction • Stem cell transplantation • Genetic marking • Lentivirus vector • Plasticity • Neoangiogenesis
Correspondence: Yutaka Hanazono, M.D., Ph.D., Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical School, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Minamikawachi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan. Telephone: 81-285-58-7450; Fax: 81-285-44-5205; e-mail: hanazono{at}jichi.ac.jp
Rodent and human clinical studies have shown that transplantation of bone marrow stem cells to the ischemic myocardium results in improved cardiac function. In this study, cynomolgus monkey acute myocardial infarction was generated by ligating the left anterior descending artery, and autologous CD34+ cells were transplanted to the peri-ischemic zone. To track the in vivo fate of transplanted cells, CD34+ cells were genetically marked with green fluorescent protein (GFP) using a lentivirus vector before transplantation (marking efficiency, 41% on average). The group receiving cells (n = 4) demonstrated improved regional blood flow and cardiac function compared with the saline-treated group (n =4) at 2 weeks after transplant. However, very few transplanted cell–derived, GFP-positive cells were found incorporated into the vascular structure, and GFP-positive cardiomyocytes were not detected in the repaired tissue. On the other hand, cultured CD34+ cells were found to secrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the in vivo regional VEGF levels showed a significant increase after the transplantation. These results suggest that the improvement is not the result of generation of transplanted cell–derived endothelial cells or cardiomyocytes; and raise the possibility that angiogenic cytokines secreted from transplanted cells potentiate angiogenic activity of endogenous cells.
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