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OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
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TISSUE-SPECIFIC STEM CELLS |
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
Key Words. Embryonic stem cells • Adult stem cells • Tissue regeneration • Oncogenic transformation • Stem cell-based therapies
Correspondence: Murielle Mimeault, Ph.D., and Surinder K. Batra, Ph.D., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Eppley Institute of Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5870, USA. Telephone: 402-559-7754; Fax: 402-559-6650; e-mail: mmimeault{at}unmc.edu or e-mail: sbatra{at}unmc.edu
Received February 2, 2006;
accepted for publication June 15, 2006.
First published online in STEM CELLS EXPRESS June 22, 2006.
In this study, we report on recent advances on the functions of embryonic, fetal, and adult stem cell progenitors for tissue regeneration and cancer therapies. We describe new procedures for derivation and maturation of these stem cells into the tissue-specific cell progenitors. The localization of the adult stem cells and their niches, as well as their implication in the tissue repair after injuries and during cancer progression, are also described. The emphasis is on the interactions among certain developmental signaling factors, such as hormones, epidermal growth factor, hedgehog, Wnt/ß-catenin, and Notch. These factors and their pathways are involved in the stringent regulation of the self-renewal and/or differentiation of adult stem cells. Novel strategies for the treatment of both diverse degenerating disorders, by cell replacement, and some metastatic cancer types, by molecular targeting multiple tumorigenic signaling elements in cancer progenitor cells, are also illustrated.
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