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First published online November 22, 2006
Stem Cells Vol. 25 No. 3 March 2007, pp. 589 -601
doi:10.1634/stemcells.2006-0623; www.StemCells.com
© 2007 AlphaMed Press

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TISSUE-SPECIFIC STEM CELLS

Concise Review: Stem Cells, Myocardial Regeneration, and Methodological Artifacts

Piero Anversaa, Annarosa Leria, Marcello Rotaa, Toru Hosodaa, Claudia Bearzia, Konrad Urbaneka, Jan Kajsturaa, Roberto Bollib

aCardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA;
bInstitute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA

Key Words. Heart • Confocal and light microscopy • Mitosis • Chimerism • Bone marrow cell transdifferentiationEnhanced green fluorescent protein autofluorescence

Correspondence: Piero Anversa, M.D., Cardiovascular Research Institute, Vosburgh Pavilion, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA. Telephone: 914-594-4168; Fax: 914-594-4406, e-mail: piero_anversa{at}nymc.edu

Received October 3, 2006; accepted for publication November 7, 2006.
First published online in STEM CELLS EXPRESS   November 22, 2006.



This review discusses the current controversy about the role that endogenous and exogenous progenitor cells have in cardiac homeostasis and myocardial regeneration following injury. Although great enthusiasm was created by the possibility of reconstituting the damaged heart, the opponents of this new concept of cardiac biology have interpreted most of the findings supporting this possibility as the product of technical artifacts. This article challenges this established, static view of cardiac growth and favors the notion that the mammalian heart has the inherent ability to replace its cardiomyocytes through the activation of a pool of resident primitive cells or the administration of hematopoietic stem cells.




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